Author: upravnik

The original design of the Internet intended that each host on every network should have a real, routable IP address. An organization that would like to access the Internet would complete some paperwork to describe its internal network and the Read More …

TCP/IP defines five classes of IP addresses: class A, B, C, D, and E. Each class has a range of valid IP addresses. The value of the first octet determines the class. IP addresses from the first three classes (A, Read More …

The IP addresses are divided into three different types, based on their operational characteristics: 1. unicast IP addresses – an address of a single interface. The IP addresses of this type are used for one-to-one communication. Unicast IP addresses are Read More …

Ethernet cables can come in two forms when it comes to wiring: 1. Straight-through cable This cable type has identical wiring on both ends (pin 1 on one end of the cable is connected to pin 1 at the other Read More …

There are three cable types commonly used for Ethernet cabling: coaxial, twisted pair, and fiber-optic cabling. In today’s LANs, the twisted pair cabling is the most popular type of cabling, but the fiber-optic cabling usage is increasing, especially in high Read More …

Because networks can be extremely complicated, with multiple protocols and diverse technologies, Cisco has developed a layered hierarchical model for designing a reliable network infrastructure. This three-layer model helps you design, implement, and maintain a scalable, reliable, and cost-effective network. Read More …

Ethernet is defined in a number of IEEE 802.3 standards. These standards define the physical and data-link layer specifications for Ethernet. The most important 802.3 standards are: 10Base-T (IEEE 802.3) – 10 Mbps with category 3 unshielded twisted pair (UTP) Read More …

In telecommunication, a duplex communication system is a point-to-point system of two devices that can communicate with each other in both direction. These two types of duplex communication systems exist in Ethernet environments: half-duplex – a port can send data Read More …

A router is a network device that routes packets from one network to another. It is usually connected to two or more different networks. When a packet comes to a router port, the router reads the address information in the Read More …

Just like hubs and bridges, a switch is used to connect multiple hosts together, but it has many advantages over them. Switch is an OSI Layer 2 device, which means that it can inspect received traffic and make forwarding decisions. Read More …