Author: upravnik

A port is a 16-bit number used to identify specific applications and services. TCP and UDP specify the source and destination port numbers in their packet headers and that information, along with the source and destination IP addresses and the Read More …

One other important protocol in the TCP/IP site is User Datagram Protocol (UDP). This protocol is basically a scaled-down version of TCP. Just like TCP, this protocol provides delivery of data between applications running on hosts on a TCP/IP network, Read More …

One of the main protocols in the TCP/IP suite is Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). TCP provides reliable and ordered delivery of data between applications running on hosts on a TCP/IP network. Because of its reliable nature, TCP is used by applications Read More …

The TCP/IP suite is a set of protocols used on computer networks today (most notably on the Internet). It provides an end-to-end connectivity by specifying how data should be packetized, addressed, transmitted, routed and received on a TCP/IP network. This Read More …

Traceroute is a command-line interface based tool used to identify the path used by a packet to reach its target. This tool also uses ICMP messages, but unlike ping, it identifies every router in a path taken by the packets. Read More …

ping is perhaps the most commonly used tool to troubleshoot a network. Ping (Packet Internet Groper) is included with most operating systems. It is invoked using a ping command and uses ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) to reports errors and provides information Read More …

CIDR (Classless inter-domain routing) is a method of public IP address assignment. It was introduced in 1993 by Internet Engineering Task Force with the following goals: to deal with the IPv4 address exhaustion problem to slow down the growth of Read More …

There are a couple of ways to create subnets. In this article we will subnet a class C address 192.168.0.0 that, by default, has 24 subnet bits and 8 host bits. Before we start subnetting, we have to ask ourselves Read More …

An IP address is divided into two parts: network and host parts. For example, an IP class A address consists of 8 bits identifying the network and 24 bits identifying the host. This is because the default subnet mask for Read More …

Subnetting is the practice of dividing a network into two or more smaller networks. It increases routing efficiency, enhances the security of the network and reduces the size of the broadcast domain. Consider the following example: In the picture above Read More …